X-ray holography

Abstract

With the dramatic increase in x-ray source brilliance and associated coherent photon flux, holography with x-rays has become feasible and is increasingly used for real-space investigations of static and dynamic properties of nanoscale systems. We describe the basic principles and capabilities of the method and present the current state of the art. A particular emphasis is put on the investigation of magnetic nanostructures, where x-ray holography has been applied at synchrotron radiation sources and free-electron x-ray lasers to investigate dynamic effects on time scales down to the femtosecond regime.