The HPA axis and the regulation of energy balance

Abstract

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine complex comprising the hypothalamus, hypophysis, and peripheral adrenal glands, all of which are joined in a feedback-loop-generating network of neural and chemical communications. The HPA is fundamental for the regulation of basic functions such as eating, drinking, reproduction, locomotion, and response to stress, thereby assuring individual and species survival.