Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Human Health in Brazil

Abstract

Air pollution, especially after the industrial revolution, has adversely affected human health both in Brazil and worldwide. In Brazil, the most common pollutants are associated with biomass burning and the energy sector (transport) and include aldehydes, sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons (methane and non-methane), particulate matter, and ozone. These gases accumulate in the stratosphere and may influence both directly and indirectly the greenhouse effect which, in turn, impacts the climate and human health. The combination of changes in precipitation and temperature patterns coupled with increased pollution may intensify problems related to infectious diseases, coronary-respiratory diseases, cancer, and premature death, among other health issues. Surveys designed locally may reveal where the data is insufficient and what information on climate risks and associated health conditions need to be better understood. This may provide accurate information on national policies and support the most urgent adaptation actions to the populations at risk.