Principles for managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children is characterised by developmentally excessive symptoms of inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity. This disrupts learning, socialisation and family life. The cause is a complex interaction of biopsychosocial factors. Comorbid mental health problems are common. General practitioners may detect the problem, but confirmation of the diagnosis requires a specialist psychiatrist or paediatrician. The child's general practitioner then has a vital role in ongoing care. The children need psychosocial interventions, but if these are ineffective drug treatment can be added. Psychostimulants (dexamphetamine and methylphenidate) are effective first-line drugs.