Autism Screening in Family Medicine Practice: Early Detection, Barriers and Benefits

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by social communication difficulties, restricted interests, and repetitive activities. Both genetic and environmental variables impacting the growing brain have an influence on it. Around the world, 1 in 100 children is identified with autism spectrum disorder. Estimates of prevalence has increased over time and varied significantly inside and across sociodemographic groups. Family physicians are the primary healthcare experts to whom children with autism are directed when they have signs and symptoms related to autism or for any other reason, including protective healthcare services. Early diagnosis of autism result in effective and timely management of the patients, hence family medicine practice plays a vital role in autism diagnosis as family physicians are the first contact with the patient. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the autism screening in family medicine practice regarding early diagnosis, barriers and benefits. The significance of acquiring an early diagnosis of autism and following early therapeutic intervention is well-established in the literature, as late diagnosis is linked to greater parental stress and delayed early intervention, both of which are necessary for long-term beneficial outcomes. Early detection is critical since studies have shown that early diagnosis and intervention programs improve functional results and quality of life. As family physicians are the community's first point of contact, it's vital for them to be able to recognize autism early on in an effort to enhance early intervention and a better outcome.