Consumer-Grade Electroencephalogram and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neurofeedback Technologies for Mental Health and Wellbeing

Abstract

Neurofeedback, utilizing an electroencephalogram (EEG) and/or a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device, is a real-time measurement of brain activity directed toward controlling and optimizing brain function. This treatment has often been attributed to improvements in disorders such as ADHD, anxiety, depression, and epilepsy, among others. While there is evidence suggesting the efficacy of neurofeedback devices, the research is still inconclusive. The applicability of the measurements and parameters of consumer neurofeedback wearable devices has improved, but the literature on measurement techniques lacks rigorously controlled trials. This paper presents a survey and literary review of consumer neurofeedback devices and the direction toward clinical applications and diagnoses. Relevant devices are highlighted and compared for treatment parameters, structural composition, available software, and clinical appeal. Finally, a conclusion on future applications of these systems is discussed through the comparison of their advantages and drawbacks.