Genetic predisposition to cancer

Abstract

Small proportion of cancers develop due to inherited mutations of tumour-suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, and a few recessive genes. Several genes that predispose humans to cancer have been cloned and are used for predictive genetic testing. Interventions such as total colectomy or mastectomy is used for prevention of inherited cancers. However, genetic screening and prophylactic treatments have profound psychosocial effects on patients and families. The first draft of the human genome project has not revealed new genes responsible for common cancers. There is no single technology at present to detect susceptibly due to different genomic abnormalities such as large deletions, rearrangements, base substitutions, small insertions and deletions, amplification, and epigenetic changes like DNA methylation. More laboratory, clinical and ethical research is needed to understand the true extent of genetic predisposition to cancer. We also need to study the social implications of genetic screening in our communities with diverse customs and prejudices so that we can provide socially acceptable treatment strategies.