Significados sobre la experiencia de hospitalización en pacientes adolescentes diagnosticados con anorexia nerviosa

Abstract

Introduction: The psychiatric hospitalization of children and adolescents suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) has important implications in their developmental stage, but its impact has been scarcely reported, particularly from the subjective individual experience. Objective: To describe the experiencing meanings constructed by anorectic children and adolescents about their hospitalization process. Method: A qualitative descriptive study based on the Grounded Theory was conducted. The sample was intentionally composed by6 patients (5 females and 1 male) with and without previous hospitalization background. A semi-structured in-depth interview was applied. The data were transcribed and analysed by using open coding and triangulation of specialists. Results: Four categories are described: (A) Impressions on mental health professionals and psychiatric hospitalization units before inpatient treatment: reported experiences were negative, influencing future interventions; (B) Impressions and experiences at admission: anguish, sadness and fear (symptomatology impairment, abuse and weight gain); (C) Therapeutic effects of hospitalization: emphasis in therapeutic alliance and symptoms remission and (D) Critical assessment concerning psychiatric hospitalizations during the adolescence: reinforcement of individual capabilities for the disorder management, benefits of the isolation from family issues, development illness awareness. Conclusion: Hospitalization in AN is a positive therapeutic resource in certain cases. Improvement process was facilitated by constructive dialogues throw the acknowledgement of the patient particular affective needs and the institutional plasticity in offering appropriate tools for their experiencing, emphasising the relevance of therapeutic alliance.