A new risk factor for cardiometabolic syndrome: Chrononutrition

Abstract

Circadian system regulates energy homeostasis, including nutrient intake and energy expenditure. Chrononutrition is a novel developing discipline based on the close relationship between endogenous circadian rhythm and metabolism. In this review, it was aimed to reveal the effects of nutritional intake and diet on cardiometabolic heath through circadian systems. Chrononutrition covers 3 dimensions of eating behaviour: timing, frequency and regularity. Sleep patterns are defined as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases because of circadian disruption, glucose and lipid metabolism and physiological conditions that occur betwen hunger/feeding cycles and light/dark cycles. The most of studies about chrononutrition focused on meal timing and frequency. Regarding this, meal timing patterns such as skipping breakfast or higher energy intake in the evening might be linked to the risk of overweight/obesity and negative metabolic effects on individuals. Insufficient and poor quality sleep is risk factor for cardiometabolic health. It has been explained that inadequate sleep disrupts the rhythms of body, and deteriorated rhythms cause increased nutritional intake and irregular feeding profiles. It has been explained that inadequate sleep disrupts the rhythms of body, and deteriorated rhythms cause increased nutritional intake and irregular feeding profiles. In conclusion, there are cycles that affect between nutrition, sleep and circadian rhythm. It has been suggested that there are mechanisms and pathways that have not yet been revealed among the cycles. More research is required to understand the interaction between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic health.