Association of Preadmission Metformin Use and Prognosis in Patients With Sepsis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background and Aim: A growing body of evidence suggests that preadmission metformin use could decrease the mortality of septic patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the findings remain controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted on available studies to confirm the relationship between preadmission metformin use and mortality in patients with sepsis and DM. Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed for studies published before August 8, 2021. Observational studies assessing the correlation between metformin use and mortality in patients with sepsis and DM were considered eligible studies. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) to assess the outcome quality of each included article. Furthermore, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using the inverse variance method with random effects modeling. Results: Eleven articles including 8195 patients were analyzed in this meta-analysis. All the included articles were scored as low risk of bias. Our results showed that preadmission metformin use had a lower mortality rate (OR, 0.74; 95% CIs, 0.62–0.88, P < 0.01) in patients with sepsis and DM. Surprisingly, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of serum creatinine (weighted mean difference (WMD), 0.36; 95% CIs, −0.03–0.75; P = 0.84) and lactic acid (WMD, −0.16; 95% CIs, −0.49–0.18; P = 0.07) between preadmission metformin use and non-metformin use. Conclusions: This study is the most comprehensive meta-analysis at present, which shows that preadmission metformin use may reduce mortality and not increase the levels of serum creatinine and lactic acid in adult patients with sepsis and DM. Therefore, these data suggest that the potential efficacy of metformin could be assessed in future clinical studies. Systematic Review Registration: https://inplasy.com/?s=INPLASY2021100113, identifier INPLASY2021100113.