Metabolite Bioactive Contents of Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr Seed Extracts in Different Solvent Polarities

Abstract

Although Parkia timoriana (DC). Merr seeds have popular folkloric ethnomedicinal in Indonesia, to treat colic, cholera, for the treatment of spasms during menstruation, and as a stomach-strengthening. This research focuses on finding metabolite bioactive contents in different solvent polarities, such as water, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. The total phenol content was analyzed by the Follin-Ciocalteu method and found to be in the range of 43.82 to 137.42 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid compounds were measured by the aluminum chloride colorimetric method and were obtained in the range of 20.42 to 45.90 mg QE/g. The alkaloid, saponin, tannin, terpenoid, and cardiac glycoside contents were measured by Spectrophotometry UV-Vis and found 16.34-48.90 mg CoE/g; 1.76-16.04 mg DE/g; 0.21-7.29 mg TAE/g; 50.12-91.02 mg Linalool Ekivalent/g and 7.24-36.53 mg DXE/g, respectively. The extracts were investigated for antioxidant activities by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical and ABTS (2,2' azinobis (3-ethylbenzene-thiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) scavenging ability. The methanol extract was found to have the highest antioxidant activity with the value of IC50 28.13µg/ml for DPPH and 45.39 µg/ml for ABTS. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were performed against at methanol extract Escherichia coli (24 mm) and Candida albicans (16 mm). Antidiabetic activities were in vitro assayed by α-amylase inhibition and α-glucoside inhibition. The methanol extract have IC50 α-amylase inhibition (25.35 µg/ml), and IC50 of α-glucoside inhibition (23.04 µg/ml). Overall, P. timoriana seed contains secondary metabolites which are good candidates as lead compounds for the development of potent drugs.