In vivo molecular imaging of estrogen receptor alpha (ER) can be performed via positron emission tomography (PET) using ER-specific radioligands, such as 16α-[18F]fluoro-17β-estradiol (18F-FES).18F-FES is a radiopharmaceutical recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use with PET imaging to detect ER+ lesions in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer as an adjunct to biopsy.18F-FES PET imaging has been used in clinical studies and preclinical research to assess whole-body ER protein expression and ligand binding function across multiple metastatic sites, to demonstrate inter-tumoral and temporal heterogeneity of ER expression, to quantify the pharmacodynamic effects of ER antagonist treatment, and to predict endocrine therapy response.18F-FES PET has also been studied for imaging ER in endometrial and ovarian cancer. This chapter details the experimental protocol for18F-FES PET imaging of ER in preclinical tumor xenograft models. Consistent adherence to key methodologic details will facilitate obtaining meaningful and reproducible18F-FES PET preclinical imaging results, which could yield additional insight for clinical trials regarding imaging biomarkers and oncologic therapy.
CITATION STYLE
Kumar, M., Salem, K., Jeffery, J. J., & Fowler, A. M. (2022). PET Imaging of Estrogen Receptors Using18F-Based Radioligands. In Methods in Molecular Biology (Vol. 2418, pp. 129–151). Humana Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1920-9_9
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