Operating with external arguments of Douady and Hubbard

Abstract

The external arguments of the external rays theory of Douady and Hubbard is a valuable tool in order to analyze the Mandelbrot set, a typical case of discrete dynamical system used to study nonlinear phenomena. We suggest here a general method for the calculation of the external arguments of external rays landing at the hyperbolic components root points of the Mandelbrot set. Likewise, we present a general method for the calculation of the external arguments of external rays landing at Misiurewicz points.