Equivalent electric circuit modeling of differential structures in PCB with genetic algorithm

Abstract

This paper introduces an equivalent circuit extraction technique for differential structures using a hybrid genetic algorithm. The procedure searches for the proper parameters of lumped circuit elements to fit the scattering parameters which can be obtained from actual measurement or 3D electromagnetic simulation. The genetic operators include the probabilistic arithmetical crossover, non-uniform mutation and local optimizer techniques. These operators cause the solutions to converge faster and be more precise. The experimental results show that the circuit modeling of parallel differential pairs with the genetic approach has excellent fitting ability. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.