Robust and inaudible multi-echo audio watermarking

Abstract

A novel echo embedding technique is proposed to overcome inherent trade-off between in-audibility and robustness in conventional echo hiding. It makes use of masking model to embed two echoes by both positive and negative pulses (closely located) and high energy to host audio signals. Subjective listening tests show that the proposed method could improve robustness to operations of noise addition, re-sampling, cropping, filtering and MP3 coding without perceptual distortion.