A Brief History of International Education Policy: From Breton-Woods to the Paris Declaration

Abstract

This chapter addresses the question of how international educational policy has infl uenced policy formation in Latin America and tries to determine to what extent two generations of reforms in higher education have served the needs of Latin America towards development and social inclusion. The chapter focuses on the political and institutional contexts in Latin America over the last 20 years and enquires as to how the international tertiary education agenda has been formulated, and to what extent the reforms implemented have achieved their objectives. It is argued that policy formation is determined by confl icting views about the role of higher education on development. Likewise, implementation processes face differ-ent approaches to legitimizing an international cooperation mandate that appears to ignore pressing local policy issues such as equity and inclusion, or quality and access. A new scenario of openness of higher education systems where all stake-holders involved take part in the policy formation debate, cooperation at intergov-ernmental level is the norm, and collaboration among higher education institutions is the course of action is suggested.