Graphene optical modulators using bound states in the continuum

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Abstract

Graphene-based optical modulators have been widely investigated due to the high mobility and tunable permittivity of graphene. However, achieving a high modulation depth with a low insertion loss is challenging owing to low graphene-light interaction. To date, only waveguide-type modulators have been extensively studied to improve light-graphene interaction, and few free-space type modulators have been demonstrated in the optical communication wavelength range. In this study, we propose two graphene-based optical free-space type modulators in a simple silicon photonic crystal structure that supports bound states in the continuum. The designed modulator with an ultra-high quality factor from the bound states in the continuum achieves a high modulation depth (MD = 0.9972) and low insertion loss (IL = 0.0034) with a small Fermi level change at the optical communication wavelength. In addition, the proposed modulators support outstanding modulation performance in the normal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene (mobility = 0.5 m2/Vs). We believe the scheme may pave the way for graphene-based optical active devices.

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APA

Kim, M., Kim, S., & Kim, S. (2022). Graphene optical modulators using bound states in the continuum. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05253-4

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