Interaction of Microorganisms with Nanomaterials as a Basis for Creation of High-Efficiency Biotechnological Preparations

Abstract

When nanoparticles of different types are present in a culture medium, microorganisms in the medium interact with them. This has a significant effect on the physiological and biochemical properties of the microorganisms. In particular, the growth activity, dehydrogenase activity, cellular mobility, synthesis of biologically active compounds, and viability of microorganisms increase through the actions of extreme factors. We selected high-efficiency strains of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii IMV B-7076 and the phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Bacillus subtilis IMV B-7023. It was established that the influence of natural mineral nanoparticles on these strains increases the synthesis of a wide spectrum of biologically active substances: organic acids, amino acids, phytohormones, and compounds of phenolic nature. On the basis of the interaction of A. vinelandii IMV B-7076 and B. subtilis IMV B-7023 with natural mineral nanoparticles, biotechnology for creating a complex bacterial preparation, Azogran, was developed. This preparation is stable during long-term storage; significantly stimulates the growth and development of decorative, flowering, and other plants; protects them from a number of phytopathogens and phytophage species; and increases the yield of technical, grain, and vegetable crops by 16–37%.