Longer stitch interval in the Krackow stitch for tendon graft fixation leads to poorer biomechanical property

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different intervals between stitch throws on tendon graft fixation with the Krackow stitch. Methods: Forty-four porcine flexor profundus tendons were randomly divided into four groups of 11 specimens each. The Krackow stitch with various stitch intervals (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mm) were evaluated, and named the K-2.5, K-5.0, K-7.5, and K-10.0 groups, respectively. A braided nonabsorbable suture was used to complete each suture-tendon construct. All specimens were pretensioned to 100 N for three cycles, cyclically loaded from 50 to 200 N for 200 cycles, and then finally loaded to failure. Elongation after cyclic loading, ultimate load to failure, and the mode of failure were recorded. Results: There were significant differences in elongation after cyclic loading among the K-2.5 (31% ± 5%), K-5.0 (32% ± 4%), K-7.5 (34% ± 5%), and K-10.0 (41% ± 8%) groups (p = 0.004); the post hoc analysis showed significantly smaller values in the K-2.5 and K-5.0 groups than in the K-10.0 group (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). The stitch interval was correlated with elongation after cyclic loading (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). Ultimate loads to failure and cross-sectional area were not significantly different across the four groups. Conclusion: The Krackow stitch with stitch intervals of 2.5 and 5.0 mm had significantly smaller elongation after cyclic loading than with an interval of 10.0 mm in this porcine biomechanical study. The stitch interval was moderately correlated with elongation after cyclic loading.