Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Artificial intelligence can be defined as computer systems which have been designed to interact with the world through abilities (e.g. visual perception and speech recognition) and intelligent behaviours (e.g. evaluating the available information and then taking the most sensible action to achieve a defined aim) that we would think of as principally humans. Initially, research has focused on letting software do things better, in which computers have always been doing better, such as the analysis of large datasets. However, the use of artificial intelligence in our day-to-day life has increased exponentially. Data forms the basis for the development of artificial intelligent software systems that will not only collect information but is able to learn, understand and interpret information, adapt its behaviour, plan, conclude, solve problems, think abstract, come up with ideas and understand and interpret language. Thanks to AI, a smart phone can detect cancer and a smart watch can detect a stroke. Machine learning is infiltrating and optimizing nearly every aspect of medicine from the way 911 emergency services are dispatched to assisting doctors during surgery. People can even quit smoking or kick opiate addiction with the help of AI. AI scientists are currently developing new approaches in machine learning, computer modelling and probability statistics to improve decision-making processes and are using decision theory and neuroscience to drive the progress of more effective healthcare and education as well as economics. This chapter will discuss the science of AI and explore the importance of big data and AI strategies. It will expand to discuss AI and medicine as well as medical education. It will conclude with discussion of AI and education as well as the future of artificial intelligence.