Nano-Biofungicides: Emerging Trend in Insect Pest Control

Abstract

Includes index. Fungal nanobiotechnology has emerged as one of the key technologies, and an eco-friendly, as a source of food and harnessed to ferment and preserve foods and beverages, as well as applications in human health (antibiotics, anti-cholesterol statins, and immunosuppressive agents), while industry has used fungi for large-scale production of enzymes, acids, biosurfactants, and to manage fungal disease in crops and pest control. With the harnessing of nanotechnology, fungi have grown increasingly important by providing a greener alternative to chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Preface; Contents; Contributors; About the Editor; Chapter 1: Understanding Mechanism of€Fungus Mediated Nanosynthesis: A€Molecular Approach; 1 Introduction; 2 Methodology; 3 Discussions; 3.1 Extracellular Chelation and€Binding to€Cell Wall Constituents (First Line response of€Cellular Defense); 3.2 Transport, Intracellular Chelation and€Compartmentalization (Second Line Response of€Cellular Defense); 3.3 The Antioxidative System (Third Line of€Cellular Defense); 3.3.1 Catalases; 3.3.2 Superoxide Dismutases; 3.3.3 Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase; 3.3.4 Thioredoxins; 3.3.5 Peroxiredoxins. 3.3.6 The Glutathione System3.3.7 Glutaredoxins; 3.3.8 Glutathione Peroxidases; 3.3.9 Glutathione Transferases; 3.3.10 Ascorbic Acid; References; Chapter 2: Innovation of€Strategies and€Challenges for€Fungal Nanobiotechnology; 1 Introduction; 2 Biosynthesis of€Metallic Nanoparticles by Fungi; 2.1 Filamentous Fungi; 2.2 Gold Nanoparticles; 2.3 Silver Nanoparticles; 2.4 Other Nanoparticles; 2.5 White Rot Fungi; 3 Biosynthesis of€Silver Nanoparticles; 4 Biosynthesis of€Other Metallic Nanoparticles; 5 Biosynthesis of€Metallic Nanoparticles by Laccase; 6 Future Prospects; References. Chapter 3: Marine-Derived Fungi: Potential Candidates for€Fungal Nanobiotechnology1 Introduction; 2 Classification of€Nanoparticles; 3 Strategies Employed for€Synthesizing Nanoparticles; 3.1 Biological Approach for€the€Synthesis of€Nanoparticles; 3.1.1 Fungi from Marine Habitats; 3.2 Marine Environment: A€Novel Gateway for€Green Nano Technology; 3.2.1 Marine-Derived Fungi in€Synthesizing AgNPs; 3.2.2 Marine-Derived Fungi in€Synthesizing GNPs; 4 Applications of€Nanoparticles; 4.1 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs); 4.1.1 Antibacterial Effect; 4.1.2 Antifungal Effect; 4.1.3 Antiviral Effect. 4.2 Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs)5 Conclusion and€Future Challenges; References; Chapter 4: Green Synthesis of€Metal Nanoparticles by€Fungi: Current Trends and€Challenges; 1 Green Nanotechnology as€a€Sustainable Approach; 2 Green Synthesis of€MNPs; 2.1 Green Synthesis of€MNPs by Fungi; 3 Current Trends on€Green Synthesis of€MNPs Using Fungi; 4 Reproducibility Challenges for€the€Green Synthesis of€MNPs Using Fungi; 5 Scaling-Up Challenges for€the€Green Synthesis of€MNPs Using Fungi; 6 Predictability Challenges for€the€Green Synthesis of€MNPs Using Fungi. 7 Risk Assessment and€Risk Management Challenges for€Applicability of€MNPs Obtained by€Green Synthesis Using Fungi8 Regulatory Challenges for€Applicability of€MNPs Obtained by€Green Synthesis Using Fungi; 9 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Microbial Enzymes: Current Features and€Potential Applications in€Nanobiotechnology; 1 Introduction; 2 Advantages of€Microbial Cell Factories; 3 Characterization Methods; 4 Bio-Inspired Synthesis of€Metal Nanoparticles; 5 How Microorganisms Tolerate Toxic Metal Ions?; 6 Mechanisms of€Microbial Nanoparticle Synthesis.