Morfologia de frutos, sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas e plantas jovens de Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don. ex Steud. (Moraceae)

Abstract

This study describes the morphological aspects of fruits and seeds, and the development of seedlings and saplings of Maclura tinctoria. The biometry of fruits and seeds was described from 100-unit samples, and germination tests were carried out in a germination chamber and also in the greenhouse. The fruit is oblong and is formed by compressed nutlets, with a sweet, fleshy pericarp; it is indehiscent, and greenish-yellow when mature. The mature seed is laterally flattened, slightly oval, cream-colored and with a smooth surface. Germination rates were high, both in the germination chamber (92%) and the greenhouse (90%). Initial seedling morphology follows the epigeous-phanerocotylar type. Saplings have simple, alternate leaves, which are slightly oval and membranous, pilose, serrulate, with acute apex and rotund base. Venation is pinnate with a semi-craspedodromous pattern. These results allow easy identification of this species in seedling banks and for future studies of forest restoration.