Sympathetic and parasympathetic central autonomic networks

Abstract

The central-autonomic network (CAN) comprises brain regions that are functionally linked to the activity of peripheral autonomic nerves. While parasympathetic CAN (i.e., the CAN projecting onto parasympathetic branches) has recently been investigated and is known to be involved in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, sympathetic CAN (i.e., the CAN projecting onto sympathetic nerves) has not been fully characterized. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Human Connectome Project in conjunction with heartbeat dynamics and its orthonormal autoregressive descriptors as a proxy for sympathetic activity estimation, namely, the sympathetic activity index (SAI), we uncover brain regions belonging to the sympathetic CAN at rest. We uncover a widespread CAN comprising both cortical (in all lobes) and subcortical areas, including the cerebellum and brainstem, which is functionally linked to sympathetic activity and overlaps with brain regions driving parasympathetic activity. These findings may constitute fundamental knowledge linking brain and bodily dynamics, including the link between neurological and psychiatric disorders and autonomic dysfunctions.