Imaging for stones

Abstract

Imaging for stones covers the techniques available and evaluates the optimal techniques for the diagnosis of stone disease. This is mainly by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), but the roles of intravenous urography (IVU), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluoroscopic studies, and isotope renography are also discussed. Thin-section MDCT allows three-dimensional (3D) postprocessing with multiplanar reconstruction, thus providing an accurate assessment of stone burden and distribution. CT urography is explained, and its role in determining pelvicalyceal anatomy and for planning therapy is discussed. The section on evaluation of the results of therapy is divided into imaging for postoperative complications, and assessment for residual stones. The final section covers evaluation of function by isotope renography. An extensive review of the literature has been undertaken to bring an up-to-date and evidence-based slant to imaging, which is pivotal to stone management. © 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited.