ECS classics: Historical origins of the rotating ring-disk electrode

Abstract

Fifty years ago, the Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (RRDE), originally developed in Russia during the Cold War, became widely known as a powerful electroanalytical tool via the publication of a seminal series of theoretical papers1-7 by Albery, Bruckenstein, Johnson, and Napp. A history based on personal interviews8-15 and the scientific literature is told here, tracing the path of RRDE development from Moscow to Minneapolis to Oxford.