Physics-based nanomedicine to alleviate anomalous events in the human kidney

Abstract

Commonly the type-2 diabetes complications are imminent in those organs where is a substantial dependence of the microvascularity such as for instance the renal apparatus that it might be substantially affected. One of the points related to this is the degradation of the kidney functions fact that is accompanied without any symptomatology or some signals that allow the identification of the beginning of the so-called diabetes kidney disease. It is noteworthy that for large periods, clinicians have reported that type-2 diabetes patients might be potential candidates to use the dialysis machines. Therefore, to attack the problem of how to tackle down the beginning of the renal disease in type-2 diabetes would require to understand the phenomenon that is carried out in the kidney, particularly in the renal glomerulus, or glomerulus in short. In this paper we take advantage of the physics-based phenomenology to develop closed-form expressions that would describe the different scenarios by which the glomerulus is invaded by giant proteins like the albumin. Under this scenario, albumin proteins that are pushed out by the glucose dipoles in blood are expected to exert repulsion as well as attraction forces inside the glomerulus. Thus, there is a large probability as to expect that the departure of the bunches of albumin from sensitive microvascularity inside the kidneys can reach the Bowman’s space and the urine formation zone. In this paper we present a study of the physics interactions inside the renal glomerulus. Essentially we use physics equations to derive the laws that govern the pass of proteins such as albumin through the layers of glomerulus. Once the physics equations are established the albumin excretion ratio is estimated. Basically, proteins do interact with glomerulus through the remaining charges along the layers and podocytes. This is crucial to determine the volume of albumin that goes to the Bowmam’s space. Our study uses physics equations inside of the framework of charge electric density. The fact of measure accurately the quantity of excreted albumin with physics equations, provides capabilities to apply precise strategies in the side of the clinicians to improve the treatment in the cases where there is a potential risk to acquire the well-known diabetes kidney disease. All these methodologies encompass with the prospective Internet of Bio-Nano Things that engages an Internet network with human organs in order to anticipate any eventual abnormality or wrong functionality of organs in real-time.