Identification of a single nucleotide change in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (HPRT(Yale)) responsible for Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Abstract

Complete deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) causes the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Previous characterization of a mutant form of HPRT, HPRT(Yale), from a subject with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome revealed normal mRNA and protein concentrations, no residual catalytic activity, and cathodal migration upon PAGE. We have cloned and sequenced HPRT(Yale) cDNA. The nucleotide sequence of full-length HPRT(Yale) cDNA revealed a single nucleotide substitution compared with normal HPRT cDNA: G → C at nucleotide position 211. This transversion predicts substitution of arginine for glycine at amino acid position 71, explaining the cathodal migration of HPRT(Yale). Chou-Fasman secondary structure analysis predicts a change in the probability of β-turn formation in the region containing the mutation. Inclusion of the bulky arginine side chain in place of glycine probably disrupts protein folding as well. Cloning mutant forms of cDNA allows identification of specific mutations, provides insight into mutational mechanisms, and facilitates structure-function analysis of mutant proteins.