Concussion and Concurrent Cognitive and Sport-specific Task Performance in Youth Ice Hockey Players: A Single-case Pilot Study

Abstract

Objective To determine the influence of concussion on cognitive performance while completing concurrent sport-specific tasks to further inform return to play protocols for youth athletes. Design This descriptive case pilot study compared the perform-ance of youth ice hockey players who had experienced a concus-sion in the last ice hockey season to non-injured controls. Setting Youth athletes were assessed while performing ice hockey skills in an ice hockey arena. Participants Four male youth ice hockey players who experienced a concussion during the previous ice hockey season (mean age=11.7±0.29 years; mean time since injury=92.5±49.0 days) and nine non-injured control subjects (mean age=11.4±1.0 years). Intervention Participants completed a randomised combination of four tasks (unobstructed skating, visual interference task, avoiding a fixed obstacle, stickhandling an ice hockey puck). Outcome Measures Response errors and response reaction time dual-task costs during visual interference task (modified Stroop task). Results Participants who experienced a concussion within the past ice hockey season and were ≤58 days post-injury demonstrated sig-nificantly poorer cognitive performance (increased dual task cost) across all conditions when performing concurrent sport-specific skills (based on 95% CI). Conclusions Youth ice hockey players with a more recent concus-sion demonstrated greater cognitive deficits compared to controls. This study acts as an initial step towards the development of an eco-logically valid, sport-specific assessment of functional performance following concussion in youth ice hockey players.