Xerostomia: A common adverse effect of drugs and radiation

Abstract

Xerostomia is the subjective sensation of dry mouth. Many drugs, especially those with anticholinergic effects, can cause xerostomia, particularly in the elderly. Another major cause is radiotherapy to the head and neck damaging the salivary glands. Newer techniques to target radiotherapy and protective drugs, such as amifostine, could decrease the incidence of xerostomia. Treatment is based on either stimulating the flow of remaining salivary tissue with lollies or sialogogues such as pilocarpine, or wetting the mucosa with water or artificial saliva containing glycerine or compounds such as carboxymethylcellulose. Patients need regular dental examinations because of the effect of xerostomia on intra-oral health.