Impacts and Management of Termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) among Smallholder Farmers In East Africa

Abstract

 Effective termite management strategies should involve at least one of the following: o Provision of adequate food to deter termites from attacking crops. o Enhancing multiplication and proliferation of natural enemies (e.g. nematodes, fungus, bacteria, virus, ants, frogs, beetles and spiders). o Reduce vulnerability of crops through improved crop nutrition and water supply for vigorous growth. o Integration of termite-repelling crops and plants in the farms. o Killing of termites e.g. use of termicide, physical destruction of the mound, killing of the queen.  In areas regularly affected by termites, scouting and control should be incorporated as regular components of seasonal crop production trainings.  Particular emphasis should be given to non-chemical practices which have significant co-benefits such as enhanced soil health.  Effective and long-lasting control is based on combination of chemical and non-chemical practices-dig out mounds, kill the queen then spray with termicide. For fields which experience Review Article Otieno; JAERI, 16(1): 1-12, 2018; Article no.JAERI.44842 2 termite attacks every season, farmers should dress seed with termicide before planting. These chemicals should be used judiciously to reduce negative impact to the environment and health risks to the farmers.