Community structure studies of birds as component evaluation of habitat and ecosystem condition at water sources in Malang Raya

Abstract

The study of bird community structure was carried out in the water sources area in "Malang Raya". Birds have an important role in sustaining habitat conditions and ecosystem stability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the condition and charachters of habitats and ecosystems of water sources, based on the bird's community structure. In this present study, visual observation was used by the cruising method, then counting the number of species and number of individuals within a radius of 200 meters from the water source as a focal point of observation. Those methods were performed with three times replications a day during March 2019. Data collection was done at eight water sources, including Kendedes, Waras, Taman, Sira, Jenon, Wendit, Brantas, and Cangar. The analyses showed that the diversity index (H') gain 2.88 scores, 0.92 scores for evenness (E), and 5.25 for species richness (R). Based on the results, We interpret that the ecosystem condition at eight sites of the water source can still support as a bird habitat under the carrying capacity. Overall, habitat and ecosystem conditions in the Malang Raya water sources still tend to be stable, with low ecological pressure.