Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis

Abstract

The incidence of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis has increased over the past few decades. Clostridium difficile is the etiologic agent of this disorder. The disease produces pseudomembranes within the lumen of the colon. The triad of fever, leukocytosis, and diarrhea in patients on antibiotic therapy has generally led to the discontinuation of the antibiotic being used and the subsequent empiric use of oral vancomycin. Recurrent symptoms following treatment may occur in 25% of patients.