Characterization of Ciprofloxacin resistant Extended Spectrum β -Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia spp. from clinical waste water in Bangladesh

Abstract

Clinical Waste Water (CWW) possesses the risks of spreading antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environ-ment. In Bangladesh, liquid discharge is directly re-leased into the municipal sewage system and pollutes the surroundings water bodies/rivers. Liquid samples were collected from the three CWW discharge sites connected to DMCH (Dhaka Medical College Hospi-tal) and from one control group non-connected to DMCH. About 32, 30 and 26 times higher ciproflox-acin, cefixime and multi-drug resistant bacterial count were found in CWW over control samples. Among the isolates, two Escherichia spp. isolates, denoted 26N and 28N, were found to be resistant against fluoro-quinolone (MBC of Ciprofloxacin > 1024 μg/ml), cepha-losporin, glycopeptide, monobactam, penicillin, tetra-cycline, rifampicin, macrolides, sulfonamide and ni-trofuran classes of drugs and were also ESBL positive through phenotypic assay. Plasmid curing experiment detected possible plasmid mediated resistance of fluo-roquinolone, cephalosporin, tetracycline, lincosamide and nitrofuran classes of antibiotics. Phylogenetically, isolate 26N and 28N were characterized as Escheri-chia coli and Escherichia fergusonii. These MDR and ESBL positive bacteria are potent to disseminate re-sistant determinants in the surrounding environments.