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The preimaginal stages of Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva & Kurashev, 1990 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a parasitoid associated with Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)

ZooKeys (2012) 214 75-89
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.214.3266
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Abstract

The larval instars of Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva and Kurashev are described in detail for the first time. This species is a larval-pupal ectoparasitoid of Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), which forms leaf mines in the plant Chenopodium album L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae). The female of P. gyamiensis lays a single egg on the skin of the host larva or nearby it, without any significant preference for a particular variant. The presence of long hairs on its body provides the newly-hatched first larval instar with high mobility. Some peculiarities in this parasitoid-host relationship are described. © E. Yegorenkova, Z. Yefremova.

Figures

  • Figure 1–2. 1 A recently laid egg of the female of Pnigalio gyamiensis, on the IV–V segments of the second larval instar of C. sexguttella (ventral view) 2 Pnigalio gyamiensis egg with developing embryo in an opened mine of C. sexguttella beside the host remains.
  • Figure 3–4. 3 Pnigalio gyamiensis egg with developing embryo on IV–V segments of C. sexguttella larva (ventral view) 4 1st instar P. gyamiensis larva in the mine of C. sexguttella
  • Figure 5–6. Larva of C. sexguttella (dorsal view) parasitized by 3rd instar larva of P. gyamiensis 6 3rd instar P. gyamiensis larva (protuberances are visible, ventral view).
  • Figure 7–8. 7 Siblicide behavior exhibited by 2nd and 4th larval instars of P. gyamiensis on a larva of C. sexguttella (dorsal view) 8 4th larval instar of P. gyamiensis on a larva of C. sexguttella inside its mine.
  • Figure 9–10. 9 Two 4th larval instar P. gyamiensis on a larva of C. sexguttella inside its mine 10 Prepupa of P. gyamiensis in an opened mine of C. sexguttella.
  • Figure 11–12. 11 Fully developed pupa of P. gyamiensis in a mine of C. sexguttella (dorsal view) 12 Mandibles of larval instars of P. gyamiensis: top row mandibles of 1st and 2nd larval instars, bottom row mandibles of 3rd and 4th larval instars.
  • Figure 13–14. 13 Emerged female of P. gyamiensis 14 Emerged male of P. gyamiensis.

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Yegorenkova, E., & Yefremova, Z. (2012). The preimaginal stages of Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva & Kurashev, 1990 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a parasitoid associated with Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). ZooKeys, 214, 75–89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.214.3266

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