School sport participation under two school sport policies: Comparisons by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status

Abstract

Background: School-based extracurricular sport remains an effective strategy to increase physical activity. However, school sport is often limited to a small number of elite athletes. Few schools provide more inclusive sport programs that offer a wider array of activities regardless of ability. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine school sport participation in middle schools (ages 11-14) with contrasting school sport delivery strategies (intramural vs. interscholastic). Methods: Data were obtained through an online survey administered to students at four public middle schools (grades 6-8) in a southeastern US city (n = 2,582). Results: More students participated in school sports at intramural schools. Boys were more likely to participate in afterschool sports at intramural schools. Low-income and Black children, two groups at greater risk of physical inactivity and other negative outcomes, had greater participation in intramural programs. Conclusions: After-school intramural sports in middle school is a promising strategy for increasing sport participation. © The Society of Behavioral Medicine 2012.