PERMASALAHAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN TIGA MEKANISME FLEKSIBEL DALAM PROTOKOL KYOTO

Abstract

Protocol Kyoto, established in 1997, is one of the most important milestones for agreement on climate change. This Protocol not only determines the level of reduction or limitation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from developed countries (Annex I countries) but also provides an opportunity to reduce the emission through flexible mechanisms as addition to reduced emission in their countries. There are three mechanisms of flexible mechanisms: Emission/Carbon Trading, Joint Implementation, and Clean Development Mechanism. As time goes by, problems arise in the implementation of those three flexible mechanisms. One of the major problem and the sign of a failure of those Kyoto mechanisms is that the Annex I countries are not even close to the target of emissions reduction the protocol has set. However, the implementation of Protocol Kyoto and its flexible mechanisms are precious lessons to the agreement after Kyoto established in 2015, namely the Paris Agreement.