Factors associated with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among medical students in Cameroon: A web-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic mental disorder that is associated with poor productivity, with a significant impact on the quality of life. Objectives To determine factors associated with symptoms of ADHD among medical students in Cameroon. Design A web-based cross-sectional study. Setting Participants were recruited through a social media platform, WhatsApp, from 24 June to 2 September 2018. Participants Medical students aged 18 years and older from seven medical schools in Cameroon. All non-medical students and all medical residents were excluded. Results Data from a total of 491 eligible participants were analysed. The median age was 25 (IQR 21-25) years and 54% were of the participants were female. The prevalence of self-reported symptoms of ADHD was 24.4% (95% CI 20.6% to 28.3%). Histories of chronic disease (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.96; 95% CI 1.49 to 5.86, p=0.002), family history of ADHD (AOR 3.38; 95% CI 1.04 to 10.44, p=0.035), severe depression (AOR=3.49; 95% CI 1.82 to 6.77, p<0.001) and anxiety disorder (AOR 2.06; 95% CI 1.25 to 3.36, p=0.004) were found to be independently associated with the symptoms of ADHD. Conclusion ADHD may be a highly prevalent mental disorder among medical students, and is associated with severe depression, anxiety disorders and chronic diseases. There is a need to conduct a large-scale prospective cohort study with interviews to estimate the true prevalence and incidence of ADHD among medical students in Cameroon, and to determinant the risk factors associated with the disorder.