A review of GIS applications in public health surveillance

Abstract

This paper comprehensively reviews Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications in public health surveillance. Tracing the historical evolution of GIS in public health, the literature review highlights key concepts, definitions, and frameworks. The role of GIS in disease surveillance is explored, encompassing tracking infectious diseases, monitoring environmental health, emergency response, and surveillance of non-communicable diseases. While GIS proves indispensable in providing a spatial lens for understanding health-related phenomena, challenges such as data quality, privacy concerns, and resource constraints must be addressed. Future directions and innovations, including integrating emerging technologies and improved spatial resolution, promise to propel GIS into a pivotal role in shaping the future of public health surveillance.