Peripheral arterial disease in hemodialysis access

Abstract

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major health concern and its incidence increases with age. End stage renal disease is a major risk factor for developing PAD and is associated with a remarkably high incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [1]. In patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), the estimated prevalence of PAD ranges between 17 and 48% [2, 3]. Data on the prevalence of clinically significant upper extremity PAD are scarce, however, a 10-20 fold lower incidence may be appreciated compared to that affecting the lower extremity [4].