Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in acquired immune deficiency syndrome related to cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

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Abstract

Background. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has contributed to reducing the occurrence of opportunistic infections and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. However, a paradoxical worsening of clinical signs and symptoms among patients during HAART may occur. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is described as a paradoxical deterioration of clinical status on initiation of HAART in patients with HIV infection. Case Report. We describe the case of a 41-year-old man with opportunistic cryptococcal encephalitis who exhibited neurological and radiological deterioration during the course of HAART. A diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS)-IRIS was based on a decrease of HIV-RNA viral load greater than 1 log, with an increase in CD4+ T-cell count from baseline. Conclusions. Differential diagnosis of this paradoxical deterioration in clinical and neurological status from overwhelming opportunistic infection is important; it enables an avoidance of unnecessary diagnostic procedures and proper management of this HIV-associated CNS disorder.

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APA

Park, J. Y., & Kim, M. J. (2014). Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in acquired immune deficiency syndrome related to cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2324709614533951

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