Resilience of coastal cities in facing climate change: Reclamation case of benoa bay bali and north jakarta bay

Abstract

Climate change in recent times resulted in various natural disasters. Nearly 80% of disaster events in the Asian region are a result of global climate change. In Indonesia, cities located in coastal areas are at high exposure from disasters to climate change. In addition, there are around 60% of Indonesia's population living in coastal areas. Such conditions make coastal areas potentially have problems in basic services, especially in the field of sustainable public policy and livelihoods. In contrast, Indonesia has still lack of international climate policy formulation prior to less research related to the impacts of climate change in Indonesia until now, especially if it is associated with coastal reclamation activities to develop a global tourism economy that requires more new land expansion. The aim of this paper is how does the government lead the effort to make coastal cities a better social resilience in coping with climate change? This paper is extracted from the research that had been conducted for two years (2017–2018) with title “Inclusive Development in Coastal Cities: Cases of the Reclamation of Jakarta and the Bay of Benoa, Bali”, under direction of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). This research employs qualitative research approaches by using the concept of Bengen (2001: 56), the key to coastal areas governance are four aspects as follows: (1) ecological integration; (2) Integration of sectors; (3) the integration of scientific disciplines; and (4) the integration of stakeholders. This research also employs ICM Concept by Adrianto and Warsilah (2017–2018). Data collection is obtained from tiered focus group discussions. The objective of this paper is to analyze the social resilience of coastal areas in coping with global climate change impacts, to enrich regional climate studies and climate change policy in Indonesia. The resume of this research is the effort of Indonesian Government in handling climate change disasters but the policy has failed to encourage the formation of social security in coastal areas and their communities.