Exploitation of olfactory-mediated behaviour

Abstract

Intra- and interspecific communication between arthropods and their blood hosts is to a large extent mediated by chemical cues. The information provided in this book shows the many and significant advancements in our knowledge of these interactions, from DNA regulation to natural interactions of wild arthropod populations and their hosts. Recent information from molecular genetics, neurobiology, behavioural ecology and chemistry have resulted in understanding how these organisms are affected by small molecules, mostly produced by the vertebrate host, and that the insects and ticks respond to blends of odorants rather than single cues. Whereas CO2 is a universal kairomone for these blood-feeding arthropods, other host-derived odorants are often required to attain behavioural responses similar to those observed with natural hosts. The collective data described in this book provide opportunities and challenges for integration of olfactory tools as novel interventions for the control of these arthropods, many of which are vectors of infectious diseases or nuisance insects. Examples of such a strategy are provided, notably with mosquitoes, as these are among the group of arthropods for which alternative control strategies are most urgently required. Finally, the gaps in research that need to be addressed are discussed, focusing on identification and formulation of semiochemicals, sampling technologies and the integration of this in existing control programmes.