Lotus Root Polysaccharide-Phenol Complexes: Interaction, Structure, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Abstract

This research aimed to explore the interaction between lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs) and phenolic compounds, and to study the effects of phenolic binding on the structural and functional properties of LRPs. The influences of pH, temperature, and NaCl and phenol concentration on the binding ratio of gallic acid (GA)/epigallocatechin (EGC) to LRPs were evaluated. LRP-GA/EGC complexes with different phenolic binding amounts were then prepared and characterized via ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and average molecular weight (MW) measurements. The results suggest that hydrogen bonds contributed to the binding of GA/EGC and LRPs. The phenolic binding led to significant changes in the structure and MW of LRPs. Moreover, antioxidant activity and the macrophage-stimulating effect of LRPs were improved after binding with GA/EGC, depending on the binding amount and type of polyphenol. Interestingly, LRP-GA/EGC complexes with polyphenol binding amounts of 105.4 mg/g and 50.71 mg/g, respectively, showed better stimulation effects on the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 secretion of macrophages when compared to LRPs. These results show the great potential of phenolic binding to be applied to improve the structure and functional activity of LRPs.