An evolutionary reduction principle for genetic modifiers

Abstract

The joint evolution of major genes under viability selection and a modifier locus that controls recombination between the major genes, mutation at the major gene, or migration between two demes is studied. The modifying locus is selectively neutral and may have an arbitrary number of alleles. For each case a class of polymorphic equilibria exists in which the frequencies of the modifying alleles are those computed by assuming that the recombination, mutation, or migration rates were viabilities and in which the major and modifier loci are not statistically associated. These are called viability-analogous Hardy-Weinberg (VAHW) equilibria. A new allele introduced near these equilibria will enter the population if its marginal average rate of recombination, mutation, or migration (whichever applies) is less than the population average prior to its introduction. Stability properties of these VAHW equilibria are also reported.