Magnetism of Atoms

Abstract

The magnetic moments of magnetic materials originate from magnetic moments of the atoms. The hyperfine interactions have important applications in magnetism. This chapter introduces the basic theories relating to atomic magnetism and hyperfine interactions in atom. It contains the sections of Electron configuration of atom; Term and multiplet; Intrinsic magnetic moment and gyromagnetic ratio of atom; Paramagnetism and diamagnetism of atom; Exchange interaction in He atom; Exchange interaction in $$\mathrm{ {H}}_{2}$$ molecule; and Hyperfine interactions in atom; and Appendices 4 to 6.