Ultrasound in infertility

Abstract

Evaluation of the complete cycle instead of only pre hCG scan is an essential for follicular monitoring. Using color Doppler in this assessment is mandatory because it allows to assess the functional status of follicle and endometrium. 3D ultrasound is useful for volume measurements, and 3D PD for assessment of global vascularity. Baseline scan is done to predict the ovarian reserve and response and decide the stimulation protocols for ARTs. Uterus is assessed for receptivity. But baseline scan also diagnoses PCOS. This is by counting antral follicles, stromal flows and stromal and ovarian volume. Ultrasound features of ovary on baseline scan can also be correlated closely with the baseline hormonal status of ovaries—LH, FSH and Androgen. Ultrasound is a key tool to decide follicular maturity and endometrial receptivity and to decide the time of hCG and time of IUI. Doppler plays a major role in correct decision making and 3D and 3D power Doppler add to the details and also improves the success rates of different ARTs. Luteal phase also can be better explained by the use of Doppler. Ultrasound to hormonal correlation in both preovulatory and luteal phase helps plan the ART for positivity.