Gut absorption capacity in the critically III

Abstract

The intestine is characterized by a large mucosal surface, a complex vascular system, a variable anatomy, a dense neuronal network, a complex mesenteric lymphatic system, and an important gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Defining intestinal failure starts with the recognition of gut function (Table 1). Intestinal failure may be chronic or acute, may be intrinsic (direct insult to the gut) or extrinsic, with hemodynamic, septic, or pharmacological causes (as in the case of the opioid bowel syndrome). Intestinal failure involves motility disorders, alteration of the barrier function (increased permeability), and decreased absorption capacity. This chapter will focus on conditions observed in the critically ill patient. © 2007 Springer Science + Business Media Inc.