Moon, mars and beyond

Abstract

This chapter explores the interplay of physics, physiology and psychology in assessing and addressing the key aspects, hurdles and possible technological solutions of long-term, or rather long-distance, human spaceflight. It treats the range of destinations to be considered, and the physical realities of space travel, addressing specifically orbital mechanics, space radiation and weightlessness From these, the challenges for human beings to sustain such travels are explored, both regarding effects on and adaptation of the human body, as well as the interplay with and consequences of the environment on performance and psychological well-being. An overview of current scientific knowledge and technological approaches to these aspects is also given. The third part of this chapter provides a description of possible future technological developments, ranging from the very likely to real leaps into the future, such as nuclear propulsion, human hibernation and terraforming of planets.