The Optimization of Frying Process of Tumpi-tumpi from Milkfish used Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Tumpi-tumpi is a traditional food from South and West Sulawesi (ethnic Bugis-Makassar) using fish as raw material. The quality parameters of tumpi-tumpi, especially in terms of oil absorption, color and texture were affected by the condition of the frying process (including the percentage of coating materials, temperature and frying time). This study was aimed to assess the production technology of the tumpi-tumpi through frying process optimization of deep fat frying using Design Expert 7.0® software with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box-Behnken Design producing an optimal response. The results showed that the response of color (L value, ohue) and texture (hardness, cohesiveness) of tumpi-tumpi were significantly influenced by the percentage of coating materials as well as frying temperature and time. The optimization using software Design Expert 7.0® with RSM Box-Behnken produced the optimal processing formula of 1.5% coating materials, 150oC frying temperature and 30 s frying time produced the tumpi-tumpi with properties as follows: 62.25 of L (lightness) value indicating a bit light, 78.73 of ohue indicating yellow red color, 15407.60 gs hardness reflecting moderat hardness and 0.51 g/g cohesiveness impressing slight chewy.