Cervical cancer epidemiology

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a worldwide public health problem. In 2012, cervical cancer was the fourth most common disease in women and the seventh around the world, representing approximately 9 of every 10 deaths in less developed regions (87%). In Mexico, its relevance is also considerable; it is the neoplasia with the second highest incidence rates and the second leading cause of death among women of all ages. The most affected age groups are from 50-59 and 30-49 years old. Persistent infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is a necessary factor for its development. There are certain risk factors that have been associated with cervical cancer, such as tobacco consumption, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), oral contraceptive use and age at onset of sexual activity. In federal states such as Morelos or Chiapas, this disease has a greater impact on mortality partly because of social differences among the population. Although the strengthening of detection procedures, treatment and timely diagnosis have contributed to an important decrease in the mortality attributed to this cause in our country, there is still a need to keep improving the areas of prevention and promotion.